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Recirculating Water Quality Parameters
Water quality parameters and design standards form the basis for recirculating water treatment system design and operational management. Below are reference diagrams and parameters commonly used by the Engineering Team:

Water Quality ParametersTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)
≤10mg/L
Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN)
≤1mg/L
Nitrite (NO₂⁻ - N)
≤0.5mg/L
Nitrate (NO₃⁻ - N)
≤300mg/L
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
8-10mg/L
pH
7-8.5
Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
≤400mV
Water Temperature
23-30℃
1. Solid Particle Removal System Design
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is commonly used as a parameter to measure solid particulate matter in Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). It mainly refers to the total amount of solid particles with a particle size greater than 1 micron in a unit of water. In the circulating water system, TSS includes fish feces, residual bait, biological flocs (dead and live bacteria), etc. The size of these suspended particles varies greatly from micrometer to centimeter level. Suspended particulate matter can directly affect the health and growth of fish (especially cold water fish), and also increase the burden on biofilters. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the concentration of suspended particles in the circulating water within a reasonable range.

In some EU countries' Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) systems, the control of suspended particulate matter is relatively strict. For example, for water bodies used for Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), the concentration of suspended particulate matter (measured by total suspended solids TSS) is usually expected to be controlled below 15mg/L to maintain good water quality and ecological environment.

The United States also has relevant water quality regulations in the fields of aquaculture and water treatment. In the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system, the corresponding suspended particulate matter content (converted by turbidity and other related indicators) also has certain limitations. The ideal range for suspended particulate matter concentration is around 8-12 mg/L, which is used to ensure the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms.

In the actual operation of the factory based Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system in China, it is generally required to control the suspended particulate matter concentration (suspended solids SS) below 10mg/L. For some precious species that require high water quality, such as salmon, it is even required to control it below 5mg/L.


2. Dissolved Contaminant Removal Parameters
Water solubility includes soluble inorganic substances and soluble organic substances. Among them, water-soluble harmful substances are mainly ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-- N). Ammonia nitrogen can enter the bloodstream through the gills and skin of fish, disrupting their normal tricarboxylic acid cycle, altering their osmotic pressure, and reducing their ability to absorb oxygen from water, thus affecting their normal growth and survival.

The commonly used fixed membrane nitrification biofilter in Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) systems is the ammonia nitrogen conversion bacterial community that grows on the surface of a certain biological packing material, and ammonia nitrogen is transferred to the fixed biofilm through diffusion and converted. The main purpose of the biological filter process design is to ensure that the filter has sufficient nitrifying bacteria to remove ammonia nitrogen excreted by fish, maintain the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the aquaculture system within the predetermined range, and ensure the safety and effective growth of fish.
2.1 Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N) Control
Ammonia nitrogen is one of the main pollutants dissolved in water in Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) systems. It mainly comes from the excrement and residual feed of farmed organisms. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen can be toxic to farmed organisms, affecting their growth, immunity, and reproductive ability. In biofilters, the removal of ammonia nitrogen mainly relies on the nitrification of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria, which convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrite and nitrate.

When designing a biofilter, sufficient surface area and volume of the filter material should be considered to provide enough space for nitrifying bacteria to grow and reproduce. At the same time, it is necessary to control the ammonia nitrogen load in the influent and avoid excessive ammonia nitrogen concentration from impacting the biological filter. For example, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the influent can be reduced by using an automatic feeding machine and adopting a feeding strategy of small amounts and multiple meals. Determine the allowable ammonia nitrogen concentration for the biofilter based on the ammonia nitrogen tolerance and breeding density of the cultured organisms. Generally speaking, for most freshwater aquaculture fish, the total ammonia nitrogen concentration should be controlled below 1mg/L, and non-ionic ammonia should not exceed 0.025mg/L.
2.2 Nitrite (NO₂⁻-N) Control
Nitrite is also a water quality parameter that needs to be closely monitored in the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system. It is an intermediate product in the process of ammonia nitrogen nitrification and is also toxic to aquaculture organisms. Nitrite can affect the transport of oxygen in the blood of farmed organisms, leading to symptoms of hypoxia such as shortness of breath, floating heads, and even death.

In the design, it is necessary to ensure that the biofilter can effectively further convert nitrite into nitrate. This requires maintaining the activity of denitrifying bacteria in the biofilter and providing them with suitable environmental conditions, such as appropriate dissolved oxygen. Generally, it is required to control the concentration of nitrite below 0.5mg/L.
2.3 Seawater Aquaculture Considerations
The salinity of seawater is relatively high, containing various ions such as sodium ions (Na ⁺), chloride ions (Cl ⁻), magnesium ions (Mg ² ⁺), calcium ions (Ca ² ⁺), etc. Marine aquaculture organisms have evolved complex ion regulation systems during their long-term adaptation to high salt environments. When nitrite enters marine organisms, these organisms can partially alleviate the physiological effects of nitrite by utilizing their own ion regulation system. In Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), chloride ions (Cl -) can reduce the toxicity of nitrite (NO2-) to aquaculture organisms through competitive inhibition. Specifically, both chloride ions and nitrite need to enter the fish body through the chloride cells on the gill plates. The presence of chloride ions increases the difficulty of nitrite entering the fish body, thereby reducing its toxicity. In general, when the concentration of chloride ions in water is six times that of nitrite, it can effectively inhibit the toxicity of nitrite to aquaculture organisms. Compared to freshwater aquaculture, seawater aquaculture has less toxic hazards from nitrite, which is related to the higher concentration of chloride ions in seawater. Therefore, in the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system, by regulating salinity reasonably, the toxicity of nitrite can be effectively reduced, and the health and safety of aquaculture organisms can be protected.
3. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
In a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system, dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key water quality parameter. Fish and other aquatic organisms absorb dissolved oxygen from water through gill respiration to maintain their metabolic activity. The dissolved oxygen concentration required for the normal growth of most warm water fish is generally around 5-8mg/L. When the dissolved oxygen concentration is below the critical level, the respiration of aquatic organisms will be inhibited, their growth rate will slow down, their immunity will decrease, and they are prone to infection with diseases. For example, when the dissolved oxygen is below 2mg/L, many fish will experience floating head phenomenon, and prolonged exposure to low dissolved oxygen can lead to fish death.

In Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), it is recommended to maintain dissolved oxygen between 8-10 mg/L. Higher dissolved oxygen is beneficial for increasing feeding levels and reducing feed to feed ratios.
4. pH Control
In a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) system, the suitable pH range for fish is usually between 7.0-8.5. For example, most freshwater fish grow well in environments with pH 7.2-7.8. This is because within this pH range, the physiological functions of fish, such as respiration and osmotic pressure regulation, can be carried out relatively normally. Gas exchange occurs through the gills, and the appropriate acidity or alkalinity in water facilitates the normal exchange process of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

For shrimp farming, such as South American white shrimp, the suitable pH range is roughly 7.8-8.6. This is due to the physiological structure and activity characteristics of crustaceans, which make them more adaptable to slightly higher pH environments. Suitable pH is beneficial for the molting growth of shrimp.

However, during the process of Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS), the pH value will continuously decrease as the aquaculture progresses, and it is necessary to adjust the pH value of the water. Automatic pH adjustment equipment can be used. Automatically adjust the pH value of the water body based on pH sensor data.

galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank are a common fish farming facility, often used in ponds, ponds, and ponds for fish farming. It is a simple and cost-effective method of farming and thus suitable for large-scale fish farming.
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Secondly, the galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank has better sealing and durability. The galvanized plate breeding pond is made of multiple galvanized steel plates, with tight joints and no leakage. This enables the water quality of the breeding pond to be stably maintained at an appropriate water temperature, water quality and oxygen content, providing a good growth environment for fish and conducive to the healthy growth of fish. In addition, the galvanized plate breeding pond has high durability and can be used for many years under normal use, which is suitable for long-term large-scale fish farming.
In addition, the design and structure of the galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank can be optimized according to different needs. According to the species of fish cultured, the density of culture and the method of culture, different sizes and shapes of galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank can be designed. Through reasonable design and layout, the space can be utilized to the maximum extent, the breeding efficiency can be improved, and the needs of large-scale farming can be met. In addition, the galvanized plate aquaculture pond can also be used in conjunction with other aquaculture equipment (such as filtration systems, water circulation systems) to further improve aquaculture efficiency.
However, galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank also have some limitations. First of all, galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank are generally shallow, and the depth should not be too large. This can limit the farming of some fish that require deeper waters to grow. Secondly, the light conditions in galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank are relatively poor, which is not conducive to the growth of some fish that require high light. In addition, the water quality management of galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank is relatively complicated, and regular cleaning and water quality testing are required to keep the water quality clean and stable.
To sum up, galvanized steel sheet fish farming tank have certain advantages in aquaculture of large-scale fish. It has good anti-corrosion performance, sealing performance and durability, and can meet the needs of large-scale fish farming.

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What kind of effect can a galvanized sheet fish pond be called reliable? Did it feed the fish, or did it produce huge economic benefits? This scoring person depends on whether you are a veteran who has been in the breeding industry for many years, or a newcomer who just entered the industry and knows nothing. What are the advantages of galvanized sheet fish ponds? First, the price is cheap. The cost of galvanized sheet fish ponds will be lower than that of ordinary ponds. The waterproof canvas of galvanized sheet fish ponds has good air tightness and waterproof performance, and is relatively wear-resistant. The properties are also relatively stable, not easy to oxidize, and the galvanized sheet is machined into a wave shape to make the force of the galvanized sheet more uniform and more durable; second, the investment is faster, and the splicing of galvanized sheets is simpler than building construction, and it can be laid on the day of purchase. Good; the third is that the management is more convenient. The traditional earthen ponds need to be regularly dredged after a long time, but the problem of canvas pools is easy to solve, and it is very convenient to clean; the fourth is that most manufacturers now use environmentally friendly materials. Canvas fish ponds, don't worry about the poisonous canvas polluting the fish. It is very simple to choose suitable aquaculture products and produce economic benefits when the galvanized plate fish pond is matched with other sewage and aeration systems.

Water is the environment for fish to survive. Better water quality can reduce the occurrence of fish diseases and is more conducive to the growth and survival of fish. In actual production, water quality can often be judged by changes in water body color, ammonia nitrogen content, and sediment color.

1. The red water color of the red water pond is mainly caused by diatoms or golden algae becoming the dominant species. Usually, there is no serious problem, but once the weather suddenly changes and causes a large number of algae to die, toxins will be produced and the water body will deteriorate, and even directly cause Fish poisoned and died. Therefore, once the pool water turns red, it must be improved in time. When the weather is fine, first use Siji'an or quaternary ammonium salt iodine, etc. to spray and disinfect, and then spray with hydrogen peroxide, strong chlorine essence, etc. on the second day, and then top dress the fertilizer once after 3 days depending on the situation.
2. Black water When the pool water is black, it indicates that more organic matter in the pool has not been transformed in time, such as residual bait, animal remains, excrement, and humus at the bottom of the pool. Hydrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other harmful substances endanger the health of aquatic animals, reduce their immunity, lead to the infection of pathogenic microorganisms, and even cause fish flooding in ponds. Once this kind of black water is found, apply chlorine-containing drugs such as dioxychloride once on the first day to the second day to oxidize too much organic matter. After 3 days, use Baifeng Vitality Water Purification Wang Quanchi to splash once.
3. White turbid water When the pool water is white and turbid, it indicates that there are too many organic oxygen-consuming substances in the pond. Relatively speaking, there are few microorganisms that decompose large-scale organic matter into nutrient salts. The material circulation in the pond is destroyed, the water in the pond is close to aging, and there is a severe lack of oxygen. The fish in this kind of pond are generally prone to floating heads from early morning to dawn before the sun rises. When the pool water is found to be cloudy, apply "Shui bao Oxygen Pack" on the first day to oxidize the organic matter in time after flocculation. On the second day, apply Bai feng Aquatic Bao once to the whole pool to increase the active microorganisms in the pool and promote water body circulation.
4. Water with high ammonia nitrogen content is fed with high-protein feed, chilled meat, or intensive fish ponds that feed on live fish, such as crab ponds, prawn ponds, snake head ponds, and mandarin fish ponds. After adding high-protein bait, the content of ammonia nitrogen in the metabolic products is too high, which will affect the feeding and growth of aquatic animals, reduce their immunity, and easily cause parasite or pathogenic microorganism infection. Therefore, for intensive ponds that feed on high-protein feed, chilled meat or live fish, apply ammonia or bottom net once every 10 to 15 days to degrade ammonia nitrogen in time. If through the water quality test, if the ammonia nitrogen content in the pool water is found to be seriously exceeding the standard, you should apply ammonia net and oxygen treasure to the pool in time, and then use fertilizer water element and fertilizer water treasure once on the third day to increase the active microorganisms in the pool and promote plank tonic The reproduction and growth of organisms enhance the material circulation capacity of the water body.
5. Due to the deposition of humus in the pool water, animal residues, bait, and feces sink to the bottom of the pool and then decompose, causing the bottom mud of the pond to turn black and stinky, which easily produces harmful substances such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrite. It is very easy to pose a threat to aquatic animals living in the middle and lower layers, such as crucian carp, grass carp, herring, crab, shrimp, mandarin fish and other species. When the situation is serious, the aquatic animals in the middle and lower layers of the pond often float in the middle and upper layers, and do not want to go to the normal living water layer. If the above situation occurs, apply Baifeng Aquatic Po every 10 days to 15 days to increase beneficial microorganisms, accelerate the transformation of organic matter or humus that sinks to the bottom of the pool, and avoid blackening and odor of the bottom mud and the production of methane, Harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and nitrite. If you find that the bottom mud in the pond is black and the water is stinky, you should immediately take measures to change the water. After changing the water, apply Vitality Clean Water King on the first day, and quick-acting fertilizer Shuibao on the second day to adjust the water quality.